Articles Cross-Examination In Summary Trial Essay Sample free essay sample

Interrogation is an extremely of import methodology in drumhead test. The main object of interrogation is to happen reality and abandonment of lie in human declaration. It is configuration to destruct or debilitate the power of grounds a witness has just given in individual or excite something into your kindness which he has non expressed to ruin him by demoing object of questioning from a belligerent perspective. Regardless of whether an arraignment source one time had indictment continuing finished against him. should be as yet interviewed by the guard instrument advocate or non? The issue about the questioned has been expressed in the development 173 ( nutrient E ) of the Criminal Procedure Code. Area 173 ( nutrient E ) of the CPC expressed that: ( nutrient E ) The blamed will be permitted to interrogate all the sources for the arraignment. So. we can see that this development causes stipulation for the denounced to cross-to look at all witnesses for the arraignment. OK. that is the fundamental. Refusal of opportunity to the charged to interview the indictment source will be an inappropriate practicing of legal watchfulness and will add up to unnatural birth cycle of justness [ 1 ] . It is hackneyed that there is an obligation on the protection component during the period of interrogation to set all request that are applicable and known to the exceptional witness. which the charged plans to trust upon his barrier system to empower the source a chance to hold or vary with the safeguard component example. [ 2 ] The activity is whether the resistance system advocate other than can even now interview the arraignment witness despite the fact that the denunciation continuing has been finished against him. As a matter of fact in design. our councils have been extremely wide and does non deny or meddle in questioning. To the ac knowledgment. of our councils. in any case. there is no express stipulation to delay questioning. Our courts have allowed the cross investigation of any source to be conceded until some other witnesses to be reviewed for farther cross examination. In the event that we take a gander at the Evidence Act 1950. development 138 of the Evidence Act gave that: Request of investigations and method of reevaluation 138. ( 1 ) Witnesses will be first analyzed in-boss. so. in the event that the foreboding party so wants. questioned so. in the event that the gathering naming them so wants. reevaluated. ( 2 ) The investigation and interrogation must partner to applicable realities. be that as it may, the interrogation need non be bound to the realities to which the witness affirmed on his assessment inchief. ( 3 ) The reconsideration will be coordinated to the record of undertakings alluded to in questioning ; and if new issue is. by authorization of the council. presented in reevaluation. the unfavorable party may encourage question upon that undertaking. ( 4 ) The council may in all occurrences license a source to be reviewed either for farther assessment in-boss or for farther interrogation. what's more, in the event that it does as such. the gatherings have the privilege of farther interrogation and reconsideration severally. It is hackneyed that there is an obligation on the resistance instrument during the period of interrogation to set all request that are pertinent and known to the impossible to miss source. which the blamed means to trust upon his protection system to empower the witness a chance to hold or contrast with the safeguard instrument case. In the example of Paramasivam v PP [ 3 ] . The issue of before this case is whether the intellectual equity was directly in declining to let an indictment source. to be interrogated. advocate for the denounced asked that he be permitted to interview the source before the supposition was made and that in the contribution of justness she ought to be permitted to complete her grounds. He was denied the opportunity requested. The council so decided that the witness was effectively arraigned by the indictment and that her grounds would non be thought of. In any case. on the supplication stage. the intrigue court held that the guard instrument ought to consistently be permitted the opportunity of supporting inside the settled principles of enemy test as against the inquisitorial framework. what's more, where there isprima facie a legitimate illness. by and by slim it may be. it must be engaged. In this occasion. the court had curbing the solid conviction and telling a retrial. In the interim. in PP V Munusamy [ 4 ] . it was held that the refusal to let a source for the arraigning official who had been impugned to be interrogated by the charged did non speak to a confusion and regardless of whether it was. the Federal Court has capacity to ignore the supplication. as there was no disappointment of justness. The respondent in this example had been indicted by the scholarly judge for an offense under region 197 of the Penal Code. One of the focuses put together by the guard system under the steady gaze of the Federal Court was that passage ( nutrient E ) permits him to question each arraignment witness. Thusly. at the point when witness PW 16 was denounced by the indictment. an application by the safeguard component to interrogate that witness should hold been permitted. Refusal to let such application was lethal to the procedures. Fitting to the Federal Court. after the rulling made by the intelligent judge to impugn the acknowledgment of PW 16. that witness was longer a source for the indictment in the existent feeling of the word for his grounds not, at this point established any bit of the arraignment case. Indeed, even ought to at that spot be a confusion. since there was no disappointment of justness occasioned along these lines the supplication ought to be excused. In other occasion of Dato’ Mokhtar Hashim V PP [ 5 ] . the council held that the request made by the educated test equity in indicting the acknowledgment of the witness Abdullah receptacle Ambek and denying the option to advocate for all the charged to interview him was unmistakably mistaken. Here. the Federal Court concluded that when arraignment procedures have been finished. no rulling ought to be made with regards to the believability of the witness. This ought to be done just after all observer indictment have been called and given grounds at the terminal of the prosecution’s or safeguard instrument occurrence. It would follow that blending to this ulterior position. at the point when an indictment witness had arraignment procedures finished against him. he may in any case be interrogated by the protection instrument. We can see that all the three boss examples that have been notice by me above. it were held that all the Judgess concur that the safeguard system bac ker can interrogate the arraignment witness in spite of the fact that the indictment continuing had finished them. It gave us that the interview method is so of import to one side of the gatherings especially the privilege of a blamed. In PP V Abang Abdul Rahman [ 6 ] it was held that at whatever point a witness is non interviewed. his grounds ought to be acknowledged. The other party to the procedures acknowledges the grounds and the court ought to in like manner acknowledge it. In Wong Swee Chin V PP [ 7 ] . Raja Azlan Shah. CJ held that the inability to question a source on material purpose of the occasion will add up to a confidence of the witness’s declaration. In the interim. the significance of interrogate the witness other than held in the Indian occasion like in AEG Carapiet V AY Derderian [ 8 ] . the council expressed that it is henceforth of import for the charged to set his basic and material occasion to the indictment source in questioning. In region 256 of the Indian Criminal Procedure Code. furthermore, as other than same as referenced in the caseBiswas V Stated [ 9 ] . the court held that a denounced has an abosolute option to additionally cross-test indictment source despite the fact that they have been thoroughly interrogated before the charge. In choice. by referencing to the new situation of the central case of Dato’ Mokhtar Hashim we can comprehend that the interview can be permitted in spite of the fact that the reprimand continuing against the arraignment source or barrier system witness had finished. KUALA LUMPUR: The High Court has permitted the arraignment to indict previous Cabinet minister Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Sheik Fadzir over his believability according to an inconsistency between his declaration and his announcement to watch over the finishing up fiscal estimation of the land for Port Klang Free Zone ( PKFZ ) undertaking. The council will hear passages by parties on purpose of law on Monday to decide whether the resistance instrument has the option to procure the full explanation of Abdul Kadir for denunciation procedures. Equity Ahmadi Asnawi Friday allowed the application by lead indicting official DPP Datuk Tun Abdul Majid Tun Hamzah under Section 155 of the Evidence Act to arraign Abdul Kadir over his believability. The equity held that there was a material logical inconsistency in grounds given by Abdul Kadir in the court and his announcement to the constabulary under Section 112 of the Criminal Procedure Code ( CPC ) . â€Å"I have watched the grounds given by this witness ( Abdul Kadir ) sing the money related estimation of the land where he expressed that RM1. 088bil ought to be included with an association rate. â€Å"I have seen what he has expressed in his constabulary proclamation under Section 112 of the CPC. I see it as material ( logical inconsistency ) and you can keep on denouncing him. † Justice Ahmadi dominated. Tun Abdul Majid said Abdul Kadir. in his announcement to the constabulary. expressed that it would unequivocally be a finishing up money related worth if Cabinet had chosen the financial estimation of the land and it was an ordinary example to pass on back to the Cabinet if there was any modification to it. He said Abdul Kadir had given grounds in the Tun Dr Ling Liong Sik test that the money related estimation of the land at RM25 per square pess. covering a nation of 1. 000 domains meriting RM1. 088bil. was non a finishing up money related an incentive as it must be

The Grand Chessboard Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Grand Chessboard - Assignment Example In the Introduction of â€Å"The Grand Chessboard† by Zbignew Brzezinski, he shows how Eurasia, a blend of Europe and Asia, fundamentally held the politically influential nation through governmental issues, in light of geological and monetary qualities. This was genuine even as the Americas started colonization and at last, the mechanical insurgency that aligned the United States with other world forces. In the twentieth century, and through a few universal wars, the improvement of innovation, economy and exchange, has quickly pushed the United States forward as a world political judge in the unpredictable connections between the nations that make up the Eurasian aggregate. In World War II, when basically the United States was attacked on its own shores just because by an outside force, the United States ventured away from its recently held position of neutrality and optimism, and joined the worldwide clash to ensure its own advantages. In doing as such, the United States turn ed into a worldwide capacity to be fought with on a genuine level. It tends to be securely said that without the acquaintance of the United States with the Allied forces bunch in the war, the result would have been totally different. Europe and Britain would be under the strength of Hitler’s Germany, and Asia, affected by Japan, but a fairly constrained one (Brzezinski,5). From the finish of World War II, war was battled on an ideological level between Communist Russia, China and the Western forces of Europe and the United States as a feature of the â€Å"Cold War.† ... For a long time, the Roman Empire governed the area on its most significant level, keeping up inward imperativeness and solidarity as a major aspect of its fruitful strength. What at long last broke the Roman Empire was the division of administering various territories in the Empire as opposed to keeping control concentrated in one recognize, the crumbling of ethics and belief system, and a continued expansion which required penances the individuals not, at this point needed to make. At the hour of composing this book, Brzezinski saw America as ‘standing incomparable in the four unequivocal areas of worldwide power,’ those being monetary, militarily, innovatively, lastly, socially. Today, there is less matchless quality, for the most part due to the monetary circumstance, despite the fact that the impacts are around the world, not simply in the United States. The monetary circumstance today nearly powers America to show military may in territories of the existence where changes in a remote nation could seriously influence the American financial aspects. Numerous wars in our current time are more about financial matters as opposed to a political belief system, in spite of the fact that they are fairly tied connected at the hip. What is remarkable about America is its impact in making discourse with different countries with an end goal to advance a vast expanse of universal correspondence and tranquil connection to keep away from pointless potential clashes (Brzezinski, 28). That’s not to state that different nations are not doing this as well, yet it appears the United States is really busy everything major concerning world occasions and their latent capacity coming about impacts. As Brzezinski notes, to help this case, America’s incomparability has helped establishment NATO, an aggregate universal security bunch with a coordinated order that speaks to the world on the loose;

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Approaches and Theories to Childhood or Lifespan Development

There are various approaches to childhood or lifespan development that a mother could take to address the scenario listed in this assignment. One of the most eminent of these is known as behaviorism. This particular viewpoint posits that people act a certain way to do causes and effects, and that there are generally visibly observable causes and effects the produce and in turn are engendered by such behavior. If one were to use a behaviorism perspective to address this issue, one would note (or perhaps even make a chart of) the varying factors that took place preceding the childs crying which may be for different reasons as well as the effects which take place shortly thereafter. By noticing what factors both induce and desist crying, one could use behaviorism to determine the various reasons and needs of the child. Attachment theory contends that children or babys cry because they have become attached to things. Those things are quite usually a person, although they can include othe r physical objects or places, mindsets, etc. Thus, this theory posits that the child is crying because it has been attached to its mother and is removed from her. By keeping the baby with her or close to her at virtually all times, the mother should be able to prevent the child from crying (Bretheron, 1994) especially if he or she is otherwise comfortable (fed, dry, etc.). Psychoanalytic theory was widely popularized by Sigmund Freud, and postulates that there are reasons affecting theShow MoreRelatedWarren Edward Buffett : World s Most Successful Investor Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pages It is noted in his bios that Buffett wanted to venture into businesses, instead of going directly to the college, but his father overruled his desires. Thus, Buffett had exhibited a desire to enter into business at a tender age, as most of his childhood years were livened up with business interests. 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Each child will undergo different physical changes in development according to our text Development Through Th e Lifespan, â€Å"Children grow slower in early childhood and they become longer and leaner† (216). Growth centers will emerge within the skeleton and as baby fat falls off, children gradually become thinner. Along with physical development the skeletal growth and brain development increasesRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human growth, development, and learning. Understanding the theories can deliver useful contents into individuals and society a set of principles and concepts that describe life span development. Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. 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Numerous theories have been emerged to implicit the different features of personality. The main purpose of some theories is to focus on explaining how personality developed. Our book was divided into different chapters on various theorists and explained the major theories of personality that wereRead MoreAnalysis Of Randy Pauschs Life752 Words   |  4 Pagesof narrative that is kept in check by a systematic sequence of his life events with a focus on achievement of childhood goals and dreams. In fact, he gives to others as a means of giving back to family, community, and society (McAdams, 2006 in Berk, 2015, p. 534). Pausch’s life narrative offers his vision into how individuals may infuse their lives with meaningful purpose. Erikson’s theory suggests that those who are highly generative look well-adjusted, are high in life satisfaction, and have a

African Cultures Essay - 1234 Words

African Cultures Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages. African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interesting culture. Reasons being the people are very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to Africa. There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or three languages, their†¦show more content†¦The most common languages in South Africa are Xhosa, Tswana, Zulu, and Swahili (African Languages). Zulu is one of nine Bantu languages spoken in East Southern Africa. Approximately 8.8 million people speak this language (African Languages). Swahili is spoken as a mother language vast along the coast of East Africa. It is the national language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya (African Languages). It is also the official in German East Africa (Reader 265). Approximately 50 million people speak this language (African Languages). Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South African artists are active in many areas of art including sculpture, pottery, mask making, and many more (African Arts Information). Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings, sculptures tell a tale and immortalize cultures and beliefs. Different artists have different styles (African Arts Information). Materials and styles differ from village to village. Most sculptors use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze, ivory, or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most sculpture figures are believed to contain ancestors spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events (Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and believed to have magical powers (African Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and decorate articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).Show MoreRelated Essay on African American Culture2045 Words   |  9 PagesEssay on African American Culture Works Cited Missing African American culture is defined as the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and life ways carried by this group of people, which guides their decisions, thinking, and actions in patterned ways. The individual in society is bound by rules of their culture. Culture of people are different in that the same events that maybe fear- inducing in one culture, maybe anger-inducing in another culture (Leiningers, 1991). Read More African American Culture Essay668 Words   |  3 Pagessafe to assume that all human beings desire peace. 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The BaKongo, however, had probably long used minkisi before ethnographers and anthropologistsRead More KWANZAA: Rediscovering our African Culture Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesKWANZAA: Rediscovering our African Culture Kwanzaa was first celebrated in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga, his family and Friends. Dr. Karenga, a professor of African-American History at CSU, Long Beach, was effected by the Watts Riots of the summer of 1965. He felt that African-Americans had lost touch with their African heritage. He began to study ways that they could help themselves and each other. Dr. Karenga wanted to unify his people and instill a pride in their joint culture. He felt that there

Renewable Energy In Argentina - 706 Words

It is about time that Argentina stepped up to the plate. As the country’s gas reserves have continued to dry up and both the economy and the demand for energy have kept on growing, Argentina’s energy sector has fallen into decline. In 2011, for the first time in 27 years, the country became a net importer of energy, and landed itself a US$9.4bn import bill for oil and gas. It is clear that the government needs to revisit many of its energy strategies, and as the country’s demand for electricity is estimated to keep growing at an annual increase of 6% a year, the pressure is mounting. So far, all of Argentina’s renewable energy sources have been left unexploited. According to advisory group Ernst Young, wind energy sources in Patagonia†¦show more content†¦It is believed that the current transmission infrastructure is sufficient to support the build-out of the successful GENREN tenders; however, project development beyond this level will require significant investment in the transmission infrastructure. Wind Argentina has abundant unexploited wind resources, especially in the southern Patagonia region where capacity factors are well in excess of 45%. Current installed capacity stands at 32 MW, though the Government is targeting 1.2 GW by 2016. Despite ongoing difficulties with project financing and low electricity prices, certain provinces have introduced local tax incentives. For example, Chubut, in north Patagonia, has approved legislation removing 100% of taxes on gross income from wind power in the first 5 years of operation, reducing to 50% in years 6 to 10. The province hopes such incentives will spur the build-out of an estimated 2.2-GW pipeline. Solar Argentina’s eastern plains and north western regions are ideal for solar PV development. However, only 10 MW of solar has been installed in Argentina to date, making it a huge untapped resource. The Government has set a target of generating 3.3 GW of solar power by 2020. Biomass Argentina has historically focused on biofuel development rather than biomass, resulting in minimal installed capacity to date. However, itShow MoreRelatedThe Energy, Clean Renewable Energy902 Words   |  4 Pagesseems to be right within humanities grasp? The answer is energy, clean renewable energy. With the increasing advances in modern society, as does the requirement of more energy becomes necessary. Currently humanity are facing a dilemma where humans are burning threw nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels, coal, natural gas, and oil faster than they can be replenished from a set stock. Civilization also faces problems stemming from harmful energy sources such as nuclear, and fossil fuels, etc. wereRead MoreRenewable Transport Fuels Obligation For The Demand Of Petroleum Based Fuels1231 Words   |  5 Pagesequivalent (mtoe) of energy was used in transportation which is nearly 40% of all of the energy consumed (DECC, 2015, p. 8). â€Å"Progressive depletion of conventi onal fossil fuels with increasing energy consumption and GHG emissions have led to a move towards alternative, renewable, sustainable, efficient and cost-effective energy sources with lesser emissions† (Nigama, P, S., Singhb, A., 2011). In order to reduce carbon emissions from vehicles the UK parliament enacted the Renewable Transport Fuels ObligationRead MoreEnvironmental Issues : The United States And Uruguay Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States to Uruguay, a small yet more effective country when it comes to utilizing our renewable resources. 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Oil and water resources occupies an extremely important position in the national economy, and is indispensable for human survival and development of social resources. Oil and natural gas is an important energy resource. In modern civilizedRead MoreWhat Is Sustainable Development?1293 Words   |  6 PagesSustainable development most commonly refers to the use and reuse of renewable energy sources. This creates a system that is â€Å"sustainable† and can keep going on into the foreseeable future. The world needs to be considered as a system since what happens in one part of the world can have an effect on a different continent. For example, air pollution in North America is known to affect the quality of air in Asia, and pesticides sprayed in Argentina can harm fish populations in Australia. Therefore sustainable

Candy Chromatography free essay sample

Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary (stationary phase) while the other (the mobile phase) moves in a definite direction. It separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. Chromatography may be preparative or analytical. Preparative chromatography seeks to separate the components of a mixture for further use (and is thus a form of purification). Analytical chromatography normally operates with smaller amounts of material and seeks to measure the relative proportions of analytes in a mixture. In modern medicine, specialist or scientists make use of this chromatography to examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another or to analyze. They also make use of this to separate the components in order to isolate one of interest for further study or to purify. We will write a custom essay sample on Candy Chromatography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another is to determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components or to identify. Scientist also makes use of chromatography to determine the amount of the mixture or the components present in the sample or quantification. Chromatography works because the components of the mixture will differ in how much they stick to things: to each other, and to other substances. For example, some of the components of the ink will stick more tightly to the paper fibers. They will spend less time in the water as it moves along the paper fibers, and thus they will not travel very far. Other components of the ink will stick less tightly to the paper fibers. They will spend more time in the water as it moves along the paper fibers, and thus they will travel farther through the paper. Other materials than paper and water can be used for chromatography, but in each chromatography apparatus there is generally a stationary phase and a mobile phase. In paper chromatography, the paper is the stationary phase, and water is the mobile phase. Another example of a chromatography systems is a glass column filled with tiny, inert beads (the stationary phase). The mixture to be separated is added to the column, and is then washed out with some type of solution (the mobile phase). In this case, the separation is based on molecular size. Smaller molecules will pass through the spaces between the beads more easily, so they will come out of the column more quickly. Larger molecules will take more time to pass between the beads, so they will come out of the column later. You can separate the smaller molecules from the larger molecules by collecting the liquid that comes off such a column in a series of separate containers. Chromatography can be used to separate (purify) specific components from a complex mixture, based on molecular size or other chemical properties. It can also be used to identify chemicals, for example crime scene samples like blood, drugs, or explosive residue. Highly accurate chromatographic methods are used for process monitoring, for example to assure that a pharmaceutical manufacturing process is producing the desired drug compound in pure form. With colored mixtures in paper chromatography, you can see the components separate out on the paper. Chromatography is essential to modern medicine and real life situations. Moreover, there are many types of chromatography used. There is gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, paper chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. All of these have the same principles. It involves passing a mixture dissolved in a mobile phase through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated.

Customer Service Essay Example

Customer Service Essay You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a USB drive †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 13 pages and is made up of 5 Sections. Name: Hayley Nash Organisation: Which organisation(s) are you basing your answers to this assessment on? If you are currently working, you may wish to base it on the organisation which employs you. Argos Distribution Centre Can you provide a brief description of this organisation? (Please note you will not be marked on this; it is simply to provide your tutor with a brief outline. ) Argos are a large retail company who provide products and services to the general public. Section 1 – Understand the factors that affect an organisation and the customer service role 1. Complete the table below with a description of the products and services for at least two commercial organisations, public organisations and third sector organisations. Please ensure you provide a description for each organisation, rather than a list. |Organisation type |Name of organisation |Description of products and services | |Commercial |Amazon |A large online retail company that provide a range of products from| |organisation | |ebooks, toys, games etc. | | |They allow the public to sell items on their website. | | | |They designed the Kindle and provide ebooks to be downloaded. | | |They also provide a company called lovefilm which provide an | | | |entertainment collection of films, tv programmes and games to rent | | | |from them. | |Commercial |Essex and Suffolk Waters |Essex and Suffolk Waters provide water to the public and work place| |organisation | |properties. | | |They treat the water to make sure it is safe for consumption. | | | |They take regular test samples dir ect from customers homes and the | | | |water mains. | | | |They fix leaks and promote the wise use of water to help customers | | | |and the environment. | | |They provide water butts and other adaptions for the home. | |Public |Basildon Council |Services provided are social housing for the local community. | |organisation | |Environmental – Refuse and recycling for each resident. Street | | | |Care. | | |Leisure – Marinating and providing Sport Centres, Youth Clubs, | | | |Swimming Pools, parks and playing fields | | | |Support – Aid with housing, council tax, advice to the elderly and | | | |the running of centres to support them. | | |And many more. | | We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Public |Basildon Hospital |Basildon Hospital provide health care for the local community. | |organisation | |Patients are referred by their GP to attend day clinics for their | | | |health problems. | | |The Hospital provide X-ray, CT and MRI department to assist | | | |Consultants with their diagnosis. | | | |An A E department for emergencies that arise. | | | |A maternity ward for soon to be mothers. |Third sector organisation |The Princes Trust |The Princes Trust provide practical and financial support to the | | | |young people who are unable to support themselves. | | | |They support the young people by helping them develop their skills | | | |and giving hem confidence to move into work or education. | | | |They provide courses, training and work experience. | |Third sector organisation |Cancer Research Uk |Cancer Research provide information and support to patients and | | | |families. | | |They have information supporting research and trials. | | | |They organise fund raising events to raise money and the awareness | | | |of cancer to help with the research of developing cures for all | | | |types of cancer. | | |They campaign on behalf of patients to receive cancer drugs, | | | |screening and to reduce the amount of tobacco. | 2. Complete the table below by describing the differences in customer service between commercial, public and third sector organisations. You should outline customer service roles in each organisation and highlight the differences in how customer service is carried out across these organisations. Organisation type |Description of customer service and | | |the differences between organisations | |Commercial |Customer service is extremely important in these organisations if they don’t get it right it could be the end| |organisation |of their business. | |They base their business on loyalty, the need to understand the customer and what they want from them as a | | |company. | | |They concentrate on the way staff treat their cu stomers and the service they provide. | | |Ensuring the customer is satisfied even when making a complaint. |Public |Satisfaction is a big part of the customer service in public organisation. | |organisation |They work using customer service charters, here the constant improvement of quality and access to their | | |services will ensure the customer is satisfied. | | |They aim to invest in the right services required and that will be of benefit to the community. | |They will use surveys to evaluate where they need to improve. | | | | |Third sector |Care and support is mainly the aim for third sector organisations. | |organisation |As most people providing a service for these organisations are volunteers they tend to lack in customer | | |service skills. | | | | | | | | | | | | . In relation to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), outline the part that customer service plays in this organisation and its industry as a whole. Customer service is key to this co mpany, without fantastic customer service they would not be able to stay afloat and would go out of business. There whole company is aimed at the general public and if they are not happy with the service provided they will find someone else who will. Everyday Argos try to maintain good customer service by providing the products the customer wants and if unable to do so will put that product on special order so that it can be picked up the following day, that all products provided by the company are damage free and working, if in the unfortunate event this doesn’t happen they will happily refund and provide the customer with another product. Sometime the box which the product comes in is damaged but the item isn’t but the customer doesn’t want it, it is their duty to exchange for another product or if it is the last product in store the manager can offer a discount. They have a customer service email and phone number you could contact if the frequently answered questions do not resolve your issue. On their website there is lots of information retaining to shopping at Argos, this should provide the customer with all they need. 4. Who are the major competitors to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with)? Established national specialists, such as BQ, Wickes and Focus in home improvement. Currys and Comet in consumer electronics and domestic appliances. MFI and IKEA in furniture. Smyths and Toys R Us in toys. H. Samuel in jewellery. Woolworths and Wilkinsons across broader general merchandise. Supermarkets, such as Tesco, J Sainsbury and ASDA Online retailers such as Amazon. co. uk and Ebay. 5. Identify at least two factors that could affect the reputation of your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with). Out of Stock items – If items are constantly unavailable customers will become dissatisfied and will no longer shop there. Poor customer service – Uninformed staff and unable to provide answers to problems and questions, will upset customers. Section 2 – Understand employee rights, responsibilities and organisational procedures 1. Use the table below to give details of employer and employee rights and responsibilities under employment law and the importance of having these (consider the importance to the organisation, employees and customers, where relevant). You should include at least two employer rights / responsibilities and at least two employee rights / responsibilities in your answer. Rights and responsibilities |Why are they important? | |1. Employer |They are important so that employees do not feel discriminated against | |Equality and Diversity, to make sure policies and procedures are put |in anyway and that they are treated by their capability to do the job | |into place and that each employee is up to date and aware of their |rather then there Sex, Age, Sexual Orientation etc. |rights. | | |2. Employer |This is important so that it protects their employees from having | |Health and Safety, It is the employers responsibility to safeguard |accidents at work. | |their employees, any contractors or vistors to the building and to make|To make sure employees are only work the hours allowed i. . where I | |sure equipment and staff are kept up to date. |work we are not allowed back into the warehouse after finishing a shift| | |until 10 hours have passed. | | | | |1. Employee |It is important to make sure they have a copy of their contract as this| |Employment Contracts |states what you employer expects from you and what you can expect from | |The Employer needs to make sure the employee has a copy of their |your employer, if there are any problems you can refer to the contract | |contract within 2 months with the required details for that specific |to make sure they are upholding the contract and visa versa. It will | |employee. also give all the information about your role, duties, hours, holiday | | |etc. | | | | |2. Employee |This is important as every work place need to be free from any form of | |Equality and Diversity. Aside from being the employers responsibility |discrimination and that every employee feels comfortable in the work | |Employee have a duty of care here too. place. | |It is important that they follow the companies’ policies and adhere to | | |their procedures, that they are being respectful to those who are | | |diff erent from themselves and that they report any form of | | |discrimination to the appropriate member of staff. | | | | | | | 2. Give details of employer and employee rights and responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act. You should include at least two employer rights / responsibilities and at least two employee rights / responsibilities in your answer. Who? |Rights / responsibilities under Health and Safety at Work Act | | |It is the employers responsibility to make sure their staff get their hours and rest required for them to work | |Employer |safely. i. e. night workers cannot work an average of more than eight hours in each 24 hour period, a minimum 20 | | |minute rest break if their working day is longer than 6 hours. | |Employers must provide adequate and appropriate equipment, facilities and personnel to enable first aid to be given| |Employer |to workers if they are injured or become ill at work. The minimum first aid provision is: a first aid box and an | | | appointed person to take charge of the first aid arrangements. First aid provision must be available at all times | | |whenever people are at work. | |Health and Safety Rep, Every worker is a health and safety rep whether or not they hold the title, it is their | |Employee |responsibility to make sure all health and safety aspects within the company are adhered to and that they report | | |any issues that arise so they can be dealt with quick and safely. | |Misuse – Employees are required not to interfere or misuse any equipment provided by the company to protect their | |Employee |health and safety and that of others. | 3. In relation to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), describe the organisation’s procedures for health and safety and any relevant documentation that is used. If possible, provide relevant health and safety policies / documents from the organisation to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. In my current work place you are issued with a booklet describing the health and safety within the warehouse, they have appointed and trained Health and Safety Reps on every shift to monitor and deal with any occurrences, there are forms throughout the warehouse for any member of staff to fill out and report a mishap, accident or safety issue. We have briefs on any health and safety changes and there is a Health and Safety board with all details of any information required also photos and names of all Safety reps. PPE equipment are supplied by the company and only trained members of staff are allowed to operate machinery. All Llops and Fork Lift trucks are operated by a pass card issued to a trained driver so that only they can switch them on. If any health and safety is breached then that person is removed from the department or suspended and investigated, once the investigation is complete depending on the outcome, they either return to work, have to be retrained or will be asked to leave the company. 4. Outline how the Disability Discrimination Act relates to employment. The Disability Discrimination Act makes it unlawful to discriminate against any employee or job applications based a person’s disability. They are responsible in making sure there is no discrimination within the work place, this also means that they must make adjustments for people with disabilities. They must not treat a disabled employee any different from another employee for a reason relating to their disability without justification. 5. In addition to the information provided in the questions above, identify the other key legislation that specifically relates to your chosen organisation and its industry as a whole. Other legislation within the company are: Manual handling: Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 †¢ First Aid and Accidents: First Aid Regulations 1981 and the Reporting of injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR) Regulations 1995 †¢ PPE equipment: The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1989 †¢ Risk Assessments: Under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 †¢ Slips, trips and falls: A range of laws cover these in the workplace, Health a nd Safety at work 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 and Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 †¢ Near Misses Substances and Gases: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 †¢ Equipment Use: i. e. Reach Truck The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER), The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) †¢ Noise in The Work Place: The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2006 6. Describe the procedures followed by your chosen organisation in relation to equality and diversity. Your answer should include details of any monitoring that takes place and documentation used to support this monitoring. Argos are committed to being an equal opportunities employer and providing a safe and healthy environment for their employees and if free from discrimination, harassment and victimisation. Respect for each of these is key to their business principles and they promise to their employees that they will always seek to †¢ Treat them fairly and encourage respect an support for one another †¢ Prohibit any discrimination on the grounds of gender, marital status, sexual orientation, pregnancy, race, colour, ethnic origin, nationality, religion or beliefs, disability, age, political opinions or trade union membership. Prohibit all forms of bullying, harassment and victimisation. †¢ Facilitate flexible working arrangements where practicable, to support employees with care responsibilities outside work. †¢ Ensure that disabled employees and job applicants are treated with respect and dignity, taking all reasonable steps to enable them to be employed and to continue in employ ment where they are able to perform the functions of their jobs. They are diversity awareness stretches beyond our consideration of equal opportunities and takes into account the infinite range of individuals’ unique characteristics and experiences, such as communication styles, career, work, life experience, educational background and other variables. They focus on tapping the talents of people from this huge scope of backgrounds, experiences and perspectives as a means of improving their workplace environment and productivity. Team Managers are responsible to ensure their department are free from discrimination of any form and if any grievances are brought to their attention to do a thorough investigation. Depending on the outcome of the grievance file notes are put onto the employees file, if their findings require they will inform the appropriate authorities If an employee requires certain need they make sure they meet them. i. e. A Muslim employee required a room so he could perform his obligatory prays throughout his shift this was provided to ensure his needs were meet. Section 3 – Understand career pathways within customer service . Describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available within a customer service role. †¢ Customer Service Consultant: Handles enquires from our members and employers across a range of functions. The experienced gained will provide the employee the knowledge to advance them to then next stage in their career ( Senior ) †¢ Senior: T he next step up form Customer Service Consultant. The employee’s role here provides expert knowledge across a range of employer and member functions and is also a reference point for any other staff members for any escalated service issues. Regarded as a subject matter expert in their team, the opportunity here further demonstrate the qualities of the employee and shows the willingness to lead by taking on more roles. With more training and experience would lead them on to a Team Leader role. †¢ Team Leader: From being a Full-time Assistant the employee could prove their skills to manager a number of Senior and Consultants, a Team Leader develops and maintains the skills and knowledge of the team, acts as a role model for them to aspire to, and focuses the team on achieving operational success. Training may be available to prepare them more for this role to help gain knowledge and more relevant skills for them to take on more responsibilities, as they gain experience and with further training could then be promoted to Call Centre Manager. †¢ Call Centre Manager: If the employee proves themselves the next step is the Call Centre Manager. They play a critical role in further developing and leading a strong customer service team that consistently achieves objectives and works toward conserving and growing the funds membership. Responsible for optimising the capabilities of all team members and achieving high levels of staff satisfaction. This role will require the manager to have the relevant qualifications and sufficient experience in the industry, training is always crucial as roles and functions change year to year. Argos †¢ Warehouse Operative: This role is to pick and pack orders while working efficiently and effectively as part of a team. To keep the work area clean and tidy while maintaining high levels of Health and Safety standards. You will need to communicate with the Team Leaders and achieve the targets set out by them. Your duties will involve regular repetitive light, medium and heavy lifting, attention to detail, a good standard of numeracy. The aim is customer satisfaction. With experience gained and possible training the employee can go forward as a Team Manager. †¢ Team Manager: Responsible for operational targets, youll be expected to make the best possible use of all allocated resources and to ensure the team complies with all appropriate processes. Leading, allocating and monitoring work, youll use your strong interpersonal skills to encourage your team and help them to achieve their goals. Youll also look at improving operational performance in terms of service and cost, which will require an awareness of the financial context and how the functions of a distribution centre influence the overall retail experience for the customer. As this job requires a level of understanding and communication with employees this will help evolve your career, training will benefit and further your career into its next stage as Shift Manager. Shift Manager : Co-ordinating all shift activities within a fast-paced warehouse operation, you will motivate and lead a group of Team Managers – and, indirectly, up to 300 colleagues at peak times in order to achieve operational targets through optimum use of available resources. The way you do things and the decisions you make will have a visible impact on the whole business, its culture and its c ustomer offering and once they have gained further training and experience will lead then to the role of Operations Manager. Operations Manager: An operations manager plays a vital role in ensuring that the day-to-day operations of a business run smoothly. They are responsible for ensuring that effective methods are put into place so that the company of employment runs to its maximum productivity. The main responsibilities of an operations manager include handling the logistics of the organisation, preparing budgets and inventories, and overseeing the supervision of employees. The job holder will be expected to harness a working environment which encourages team work, energy and creativity. To achieve this, they should have strong leadership and excellent problem-solving skills along with good communication skills. This role requires someone with the ability to think on their feet and make quick decisions with little hesitation. Once proving themselves and training the next promotion will take them to General Manager. †¢ General Manager : Oversee activities directly related to making products or providing services. Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products. Review financial statements, sales and activity reports, and other performance data to measure productivity and goal achievement and to determine areas needing cost reduction and program improvement. Manage staff, preparing work schedules and assigning specific duties. Direct and coordinate organizations financial and budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, and increase efficiency. Establish and implement departmental policies, goals, objectives, and procedures, conferring with board members, organization officials, and staff members as necessary. Determine staffing requirements, and interview, hire and train new employees, or oversee those personnel processes. Plan and direct activities such as sales promotions, coordinating with other department heads as required. Determine goods and services to be sold, and set prices and credit terms, based on forecasts of customer demand. Locate, select, and procure merchandise for resale, representing management in purchase negotiations. 2. Identify a range of sources where a person can find information and advice on the customer service industry, occupations and career progression. | | |Information relating to: |Source(s) | | |The Institute of Customer Service (ICS) has a range of information about the customer | |Customer service industry |service industry. Their website contains information on the industry and occupations | | |and their qualifications could aid career progression. | | |Talk to the HR department of your workplace. | | |There are many websites that provide sources of information. | |Occupation |Your line manager may be able to provide you with information relating to the | | |occupation. | |Public Libraries will also be able to provide this information. | | |Your company handbook, team manager and company intranet site will be able to provide | |Career progression |information about career progression. | | |Our information board at work offers a range of possible vacancies within the company | | |to advance your career. | 3. In your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), what methods of learning are available to help with career progression? At work the union have dedicated people to help with many qualifications these range from learning to speak fluent English as some workers are from Poland and Hungary to an ICT course to allow you to build up your computer skills. Other than that the only other way to work your way through the company is to learn different departments. When a vacancy is available it is posted on the jobs board and here you apply for the job, once you have been accepted you learn the job as you go. . In your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), what is the procedure for accessing formal learning programmes? What is the procedure if an application for access to learning is refused? If possible, provide relevant organisational procedures to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. No-one is refus ed to learn through the union programmes every opportunity is given for you to access these course and if they happen to fall into your working hours you are given time to go to these classes. 5. Explain how new customer service situations can help with self-development and career progression. Customer service situations are really beneficial to any person wanting to develop their career. Each situation is different and this requires you understand the customer and their needs. The more situations you come across the more experience you will gain and this will broaden your knowledge and help deal with situations better, will develop your problem solving skills, help you learn from any mistake you make, learn the organisation you are working for, manage clients and employees and help you use the skills and knowledge you have learnt. Section 4 – Understand how employees are supported within the customer service role 1. Identify a range of sources where a person can find information and advice on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least three sources of information in your answer. Union: Any union can provide an employee with information and advice on their employment rights and responsibilities and how to deal with any issues. Citizens Advice Bureau: These will have advice on employment rights and some of the responsibilities within a work place. Employees Handbook: In these books the information about your rights and responsibilities are written down for you to refer to whenever it is required. 2. Complete the table below, identifying the representative bodies related to your chosen organisation / industry. You should also include details of the main roles and responsibilities of these bodies and their relevance to the organisation / industry. Representative body |Roles and responsibilities |Relevance | | |The role and responsibilities are to ensure |They are relevant to Argos as they take a role | | |that the employees are being treated fairly, |in dealing with health and safety in the work | |USDAW |raise any issues of concern, secure the best |place, and the workers rights are upheld. |Union Representative |terms and conditions, provide information and |They give the workers a voice. | |support and pro tect the employee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. For a customer service role in your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), use the table below to provide details of the support that is available in relation to the following issues: a) Equality b) Health and safety c) Career progression |Issue |Sources of support |Equality |Any issues that arise in the work place are dealt with by the Team / Shift Managers or the union. | | |There is advice on the boards in the comm’s area and the handbook details how, when and what to do when a| | |situations arises. | | | | |Health and safety | | | |Health and Safety is the responsibility of each individual of the company. | |We have health and safety reps who are there to offer advice and support as and when needed. | | |Team and Shift Managers are available to offer advice. | | |The health and safety board it the comm’s area if full of information on what, how, when and who you need| | |to talk to or do in any situation that occurs. | |Career progression | | | |Our Team manager will support any staff that wish to take their career further within the company. They | | |offer departmental training, training on a different department and will talk to the Shift manager when | | |an employee shows potential in an area of work to further their career. | | |HR department also offer advice and options on furthering your career. | | |Also the companies’ intranet site. | Section 5 – Know the organisation’s policies and procedures Please answer all of the questions in this Section in relation to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with). 1. Use the table below to describe the main principles, policies and procedures of your chosen organisation. You should also include details of documentation used to support these principles, policies and procedures. | |Description |Supporting documentation | |Principles |Their aim is to maintain a working environment where employees |Support documents can be found on their website and in a | | |will be treated with respect, to be able to raise any issues or|pdf document. | | |concerns without fear of reprisals and are not subject to any | | | |form of stress. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Policies |Argos are a large retail company and they have many policies |Information supporting this is found on the | | |put in place to ensure a safe and fair working environment, the|homeretailgroup. com website. | | |way they work and the employee’s needs. | | | |Some of these are Disciplinary matters, equal opportunities, | | | |misuse of company property. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Procedures |If for example you have a complaint the first step is to talk |All of these procdedures can be found in the employees | | |to your team manager, if you are still not satisfied you then |handbook or contracts. | | |talk to your shift manager if it is still unresolved then the | | | |union is the last step. | | | | | | 2. How are the organisation’s principles communicated to employees? Explain this below. All the information about the employers principles are held within the companies handbook, on the comm’s board, on their website and the staff trainer communicate this when you join the company. 3. Outline the policies and codes of practice that are adopted by the organisation. How are employees made aware of these policies and codes of practice? Argos have developed a comprehensive policies for all their employees covering a broad range of employee needs from ways of working to ensure a safe and fair working environment. |Bribery and acceptance of gifts |Covered in Gifts, Hospitality and Entertainment policy and guides, the | |Home Retail Group Business Principles booklet and the  employee handbook. | |Community and charitable involvement |Covered on the Home Retail Group Intranet. | |Data protection |Covered in data protection policy and financial services data protection | | |policy (available on the Intranet and from HR). Also covered in the | | |employee handbook, emplo yee contracts, and department specific | | |procedures. |Disaster/emergency |Procedures covering what to do if Head Office or store premises are unfit| |recovery  procedures |for use due to a disaster or emergency. | |Disciplinary matters |Covered in the Argos /  Homebase  disciplinary and appeals procedures, | | |employee handbook and employee contracts. | |Equal opportunities |Covered in the Business Principles booklet and Equal Opportunities policy| | |(both available on the Intranet) and in the employee handbook. |Misuse of company property |Covered in the employee handbook, employee contracts, and in the Business| | |Principles booklet. These include the use of email and Internet policies. | |Security of staff and property |Covered on the Home Retail Group Intranet. | |Staff grievances |Covered in the Bullying and Harassment policy and Argos / Homebase | | |grievance procedures, the employee handbook and employee contracts | |Stress |Covered in Home Retail Group Business Principles and the Home retail | | |Group intranet. | |Staff safety |Covered in a staff handbook outlining safety advice wh

Aramark Global Analysis

Aramark Global Analysis Aramark Global Analysis Aramark Corporation (hereunder Aramark) is an American-owned business, which has so far established its operations in 22 countries all over the world. In its website, Aramark indicates that it offers services in different sectors, which include business and industry, healthcare, sports, entertainment, higher education, and apparel (Aramark, 2014a).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Aramark Global Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aramark is an international business because it produces and distributes goods and services, not only in its home country, but in other 21 countries spread across Europe, Asia and the American continents.  Azevedo and Bertland (2000) describe an international organization as â€Å"a decentralized federation with distributed resources and delegated responsibilities that allows the foreign operations to answer to the local differences† (p. 3). True t o the foregoing definition, Aramark is a decentralized organization, which has assigned responsibilities to different offices across the 22 countries. Additionally, the company has provided the overseas offices the mandate and resources necessary to cater for local differences. Aramark Ireland has, for example, set cultural theme days as one of the ways of marketing itself in the country. Additionally, Aramark Ireland translates its staff training manuals into languages that the staff members can comprehend. Moreover, the company changes its restaurant menus to reflect diets that serve the medical, therapeutic and religious diets of the consumer market in Ireland (Aramark, 2009). Theories and Concepts of Globalization, Multinational Strategy and International Business Bartelson (2000) has conceptualized globalization as transference, transformation and transcendence. In reference to transference, Bartelson (2000) indicates that globalization has led to a situation where, national, r egional, cultural and other forms of boundaries do not prevent the transfer of goods and services from a unit to diverse countries, regions or cultures. The foregoing is true in Aramark’s case because the company operates in diverse nations, regions and cultures. The transformation concept according to Bartelson (2000) indicates that globalization transforms the systems and units of doing business as they were traditionally understood. Consequently, traditional systems and units that were limited by geography and space can now be replaced by market-oriented structures where competition is crucial. When applied to Aramark, the foregoing concept could be interpreted to mean that rather than worry about competitors in its home country, Aramark should be concerned about competitors in the global front, because, such competitors symbolize a competitive risk. In relation to transcendence, Bartelson (2000) argues that globalization defies the limitations of â€Å"pre-constituted un its or agents† (p. 189).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transcendence is arguably a hard concept to grasp, but as Bartelson (2000) explains, it means that the boundaries and limitations that existed in the past have now been wiped away. Instead, the globalised world has networks that are not temporal or spatial. Used in context, the foregoing may be reflected in the real time communication that occurs in between Aramark’s headquarters in the US and its other offices across the world. Multinational strategy Firms that have a multinational strategy have other markets in addition to their domestic market (Lynch, 2011). In Aramark’s case, the other markets are the 21 countries, which it offers its products and services to, in addition to its home country, the US. A multinational strategy has a distinct strategy for all the different markets ta rgeted by the company (Lynch, 2011). The foregoing situation is informed by the fact that customer needs, preferences and demands differ between countries. In Aramark, the multinational strategy is reflected in how services are customized to each country’s consumer market and the prevailing market conditions. International Business Theory Porter’s diamond theory seems more applicable in Aramark’s case compared to other theories. The theory posits that the competitiveness of a nation (or in this case an international company), is affected by four things namely: factor conditions (i.e. the factors that a company can exploit e.g. labor in order to gain competitive advantage of its rivals), demand condition (i.e. the demands by the consumer market, e.g. for excellence); supporting industries (i.e. the cost effectiveness of suppliers); and the structure, strategy and rivalry of a firm (Mahmud, n.d.). Arguably, and although this is a hard thing to determine from t he publicly available information regarding Aramark, the company is favored by all the four demand factors in Porter’s diamond model. The foregoing assertion may not be true in all the 21 countries, but in countries like china, the company’s competitive advantages is attained from a combination of factors which include: its ability to utilize the cheap labor, the high demand for its services, the support industries in the country, and its structure, strategy and an almost absent market rivalry (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). When, How and Why Aramark Entered Into Foreign Countries Aramark first took the international path in 1968, when it served in the Olympic Games held in Mexico (Aramark, 2014b). By then, the company was known as Automatic Retailers of America (ARA) (Aramark, 2014b). Aramark’s partnership with the Olympic Games organizers propelled it to international operations (Aramark, 2014b).Advertising We will write a cus tom term paper sample on Aramark Global Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ‘why’ of entering into foreign countries is best explained by the fact that the company saw an expanded market in those countries, and the fact that it had developed internal capacities to move into the foreign market. In 2001, for example, the company entered Ireland and Chile after expanding its service offers to include food services, healthcare, uniform services and conference center services. Arguably, the reasons why Aramark ventured into foreign markets came true; its wide market base is a confirmation that the opportunity that the company had seen in the foreign market, did indeed exist. The Potential, But Unrealized, Advantages of Internationalization to Aramark The world today has 196 countries. Aramark has only established its operations in 22 countries. The foregoing statistics means that there are still more countries that Aramark can find a ready market. Africa is, for example, one continent that Aramark needs to consider. With 55 countries in total and a population of approximately 1.033 billion people, the continent is no doubt a ready market for different consumer items and services. Global Integration and Local Embedding Aramark integrates its activities by ensuring that the same standards of quality are used everywhere (Aramark, 2009). Additionally, the company has benchmarks on issues such as diversity, which all its overseas operations have to abide with. To embed such activities locally, Aramark has given its foreign operations the mandate to change whatever needs to be changed in order to meet customer requirements and expectations. However, and as has been revealed by Aramark (2009) any market-appropriate change that is made in the company has to keep within identified performance and quality standards. Competitive Factors Driving Aramark’s Global Business Development Aramark targets institu tional buyers, who incidentally have weak bargaining powers. The foregoing position can be explained by the reality that Aramark does not have many competitors who can provide similar services, at the same quality, and the same efficiency (Aramark, 2009).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, institutional buyers buy frequently, in large quantities and would, therefore, face high switching costs. However, Aramark’s suppliers have stronger bargaining power because they deliver the supplies to Aramark in large quantities, and the company would not be in a position to find other suppliers at a short notice. Aramark is arguably faced with the threat of new market entrants. However, since the company has a diverse business portfolio, the threat of new market entrants is more pronounced in some business lines (e.g. in janitorial services) than it is in others (e.g. in energy management services). Another competitive factor which Aramark has to contend with is rivalry in the industry. Luckily for Aramark, its brand works to market its services hence ensuring that although competition is stiff in some of its business lines, its reliability usually attracts a significant market share over less-know service providers (Aramark, 2009). Brand Strategies to Enhanc e Internationalization Aramark went into foreign markets by exporting its own brand name. The company has performed impressively so far and as such, one would argue that its branding strategy was successful. In future, however, the company might consider strategic partnerships with established non-competing firms in new investment destinations. Such partnership would assure the company of a ‘soft landing’ in countries where business cultures are completely different from the US. New Areas for Global/International Expansion As indicated elsewhere in this paper, Africa’s population and its growth rate provides Aramark with a viable potential market. The company may also look into other developed countries in Asia (e.g. Singapore). References Aramark. (2009). Global diversity and inclusion: Our journey. Retrieved from aramark.com/Documents/Diversity-Report.aspx Aramark. (2014a). Services and industries. Retrieved from aramark.com/ServicesandIndustries/. Aramark. (20 14b). History. Retrieved from aramark.com/AboutARAMARK/History/ Azevedo, G., Bertland, H. (2001). From multinational to global companies: Identifying the dimensions of change. Retrieved from guilhermeazevedo.com/public/dimensionsofthechange.pdf Bartelson, J. (2000). Three concepts of globalization. International Sociology, 15(2), 180-195. Lynch, R. (2011). Strategic management (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mahmud, R. (n.d.). The theories of international business. Retrieved from academia.edu/4333675/Theories_of_International_business United States Securities and Exchange Commission. (2010). Form 10-K: Aramark Corporation. Retrieved from http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTE5MzU5fENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0zt=1

Managing In a Global Environment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing In a Global Environment - Coursework Example Higgins’ turning point, according to Prescott, had to do with his marriage to a Japanese woman, which pulled him further into the Japanese culture. Prescott believed that success as an international executive involved blending the home viewpoint and comprehension of foreign culture. This paper aims to discuss the nature of this managerial problem, give alternative solutions to the problem and finally give recommendations on how to deal with the problem. The major conflict between Leonard Prescott and his assistant, Higgins John, comes from the fact that while Prescott is an international businessman possessing over twenty five years of experience at Weaver, Higgins is relatively young and has more attachment to Japan. Prescott has spent most of his time in various countries such as the Philippines, India, and Mexico, as well as years spent at the company’s US international division. He believed that the American way was best, an ethnocentric attitude that was in stark c ontrast to Higgins. Higgins was more attached to Japan and even involved himself in the lives of his employees and his Japanese neighbors. Higgins preferred to use his fully paid leave to visit remote areas in Japan, instead of returning to the United States. Prescott followed an entirely different behavioral practice, preferring to keep his distance from the Japanese. As an experienced businessman from the US, he preferred to maintain a distance between him and his subordinates. His viewpoint was that the personal life of employees must not be mixed with their professional life and that the employees doing so were engaging in time-wasting activities, including Higgins. Prescott is also not in favor of the decentralized decision making approach adopted by Higgins that included employee suggestions in management policies. Higgins, on the other hand, does not believe in power distance. Rather, he insists on consultation and maintenance of employee relationships. Higgins’ approa ch led to him vehemently rejecting the dismissal of one manager who apparently lacked initiative, general competency and leadership. Prescott’s attitude focuses on individualism and personal performance while Higgins leant more towards a collective workplace atmosphere. Higgins was also more trusting of his Japanese employees than Prescott, and thus, laid down contingency plans for future failure. As the Weaver Corporate Manager, it is vital that people have a good working relationship in the workplace to achieve the organization’s objectives (Daft, 2012: p23). Therefore, where the conflict between Higgins and Prescott is concerned, it is vital that it is determined immediately in order to ensure the entire organization runs smoothly. First, Higgins and Prescott should forge a mutual understanding fast. Higgins must not forget that he represents the American parent company, and not his attachment to the people and culture of Japan. Prescott, on the other hand, needs to understand that all employees need to work in a happy environment rather than being made to work for a rigid autocratic structure. To achieve this, Prescott needs to manage change at Weaver, as well as mange the conflict arising from these changes. Both Higgins and Prescott need to be more effective in their various management abilities. The following section puts,

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Risk management at wellfleet bank Essay This case illustrates risk management in the world of corporate lending which is quite di? erent from the retail, subprime, and mortgage lending at the root of the recent banking turmoil. It is also interesting because Well? eet (actually, Standard Chartered PLC; ticker symbol: STAN) is one of the few banks which successfully weathered the 2007-2009 credit crisis. Chief executive Alastair Dowes has to decide if the risk governance process is adequate to uncover mega-risks in light of the current risk-assessment process and the credit decision regarding a bn loan application. Working for the Chief Credit O? cer (CCO) as a senior loan supervisor, you have been asked to assess and review the risks in the proposal and to make a credit recommendation, i. e. , whether Well? eet should accept the loan application or not. At the same time, you are worried about gray-area risk decisions and, in particular, the fact that risk-adjusted performance measurement can rarely be automated. Risk governance requires executives to strike a balance between risk modeling and qualitative business judgment—a holistic (rather than silo-based) view of risks. You are preparing either an executive memo to the CCO and CEO or a presentation to WellFleet’s credit committee. The following questions are meant to guide your analysis: 1. How much credit risk should banks take? What avenues do they have to manage credit risk ex ante and ex post? 2. Research the history of WellFleet = Standard Chartered. How well has Well? eet performed? Why and how has it avoided major problems in its orporate loan portfolio? Was the bank lucky or smart? 3. Analyze the risk management process at WellFleet Bank. What suggestions might you make to the CEO about improving the process? (a) What are the objectives of loan o? cers and supervisors, respectively? What about the risk management unit? (b) Are the incentives of line and risk management units aligned? Why or why not? (c) How would you organize origination and risk management activities? What risk factors drive the credit exposure to Gatwick? Analyze what a credit bet on Gatwick really amounts to. a) Download stock prices for pure gold-mining companies such as Barrick (ticker: ABX) and Newmont (ticker: NEM) as well as a gold prices and the SP 500. Calculate the instantaneous return Rit = ln PPit . it? 1 (b) Compute the correlation matrix for the 4 variables. How would you interpret the results? (c) Run a CAPM-type regression of the gold-miner’s return Rit on a constant, the SP 500 return Rmt the gold return Gt by OLS, i. e. , estimate the following model: Rit = ? + ? Rmt + ? Gt + ? t How would you interpret the results? What does it tell you about the credit exposure? 2 5. Calculate the Expected Loss, Economic Revenue and Economic Pro? t for both proposals. What would your decision regarding the two credit proposals be? Why? (a) What steps if any could Well? eet take to reduce its credit exposure to Gatwick? (b) What avenues are open to the bank to manage its credit exposure ex ante (before and in the lending process) and ex post (after the loan went onto its books)? 6. Given Well? eet’s new focus on large corporate deals and its need to recruit relationship managers from investment banks, what are the challenges for the risk culture of the organization, and its style of risk management in particular?

The Bank of New York and its History Essay -- essays papers

The Bank of New York and it's History On February 23, 1784, a small advertisement appeared in The New York Packet, one of the many New York newspapers of that era. This advertisement announced that prominent New York citizens had established a bank. The bank, established by the prominent, would not officially open for business until June 9, 1784. That bank would come to be known as the bank of New York. Alexander Hamilton, a well-known New York attorney, was asked to write the constitution of the new bank. He complied and therefore Alexander Hamilton was credited with the founding of the Bank of New York. The Bank of New York is the oldest bank in New York and along with that is one of the oldest banks in the world since banking the way we know it today began in the 18th century. Alexander Hamilton later went on to become the Secretary of the Treasury in President George Washington’s first cabinet. In 1789, Hamilton negotiated the first loan obtained by the new Democratic government. The amount of the loan was $200,000, and was issued by The Bank of New York. Hence, not only is the Bank of New York one of the oldest banks in the world, but it is also a historic one because it was the first bank in the United States to issue a loan. Adding to that historic feeling, when the New York Stock Exchange was created in 1792, the first stock traded was the Bank of New York's stock. The Bank of New York played a major role in the economic growth in the New York metropolitan area. The Bank was also involved with the growth of transportation. The construction of the Morris Canal in New Jersey and the Erie Canal in New York were partially funded by the Bank, which also provided financing to the steamboat companies that benefited from these waterways. Through investments in nearly every railroad and utility, as well as in the construction of the New York City subway system, the Bank of New York continued to provide vital capital to the expanding American economy. However, far more emphasis was given to conservative practices and retaining the confidence of our customers. That policy enabled the bank to survive the economic turmoil of the early twentieth century. Throughout its 200-year history, the Bank of New York has been involved in many mergers and acquisitions. Through mergers with the New York Life Insurance & Trust Company, The... ... to service our current needs. It is also important that they are committed to the ongoing investment in technology required to deliver the securities, cash and investment management support services we require. The Bank of New York is a well-established financial institution that has outlasted numerous financial hardships, including the Great Depression. It has a long history of providing excellent services to its customers. In the present day, The Bank of New York continues to live up to that reputation by offering its customers a variety of financial services. The future can only get better for the Bank of New York. With the technological era in full swing, the Bank of New York is taking full advantage by specializing in technological securities. In conclusion, The Bank if New York is a historical financial institution that played an important role in the economic growth of the United States. No other bank can say that it has done as much for the United States as has done the Bank of New York. Bibliography: 1. http://www.gwdg.de/~ifbg/bank_2.html 2. http://www.bankofny.com/about/ahst.htm 3. http://www.bankofny.com/util/usgx.htm 4. www.bankofny.com